Titus Jewish New Testament and comment David H. Stern

chapter 2
1. But you, explain what kind of behavior goes along with sound teaching.
But you, Titus, in contrast with the false teachers who deny God by their actions and have proved themselves unable to do anything good (1:16), do not limit yourself to mere "talk" (1:10). even if it is sound teaching, but explain what kind of behavior goes along with it. Verses 2-10 outline what Titus should say and urge him to be an example (vv. 6-8). Compare Ep 5:21-6:9; Co 3:18-4:1; 1 Ti 5:1-2, 6:1-2. 

2. Tell the older men to be serious, sensible, self-controlled and sound in their trust, love and perseverance.
3. Likewise, tell the older women to behave the way people leading a holy life should. They shouldn’t be slanderers or slaves to excessive drinking. They should teach what is good,
4. thus training the younger women to love their husbands and children,
5. to be self-controlled and pure, to take good care of their homes and submit to their husbands. In this way, God’s message will not be brought into disgrace.
6. Similarly, urge the young men to be self-controlled,
7. and in everything set them an example yourself by doing what is good. When you are teaching, have integrity and be serious;
8. let everything you say be so wholesome that an opponent will be put to shame because he will have nothing bad to say about us.
9. Tell slaves to submit to their masters in everything, to give satisfaction without talking back
10. or pilfering. On the contrary, they should demonstrate complete faithfulness always, so that in every way they will make the teaching about God our Deliverer more attractive.
11. For God’s grace, which brings deliverance, has appeared to all people.
God's grace, which brings deliverance (or: "salvation"), has appeared to all people. Nevertheless, nol everyone is saved because not everyone has committed himself to this grace. However, because it has appeared to everyone, everyone has the opportunity to commit himself. Certainly everyone reading the New Testament has the opportunity to believe it. Compare Ro 1:19-20, 2:14-15. 

12. It teaches us to renounce godlessness and worldly pleasures, and to live self-controlled, upright and godly lives now, in this age;
13. while continuing to expect the blessed fulfillment of our certain hope, which is the appearing of the Sh’khinah of our great God and the appearing of our Deliverer, Yeshua the Messiah.
Verse 12 restates "what kind of behavior goes along with sound teaching" (vv. 1-10), here and now, in this life; while v. 13 points to, literally, "the blessed hope," meaning the blessed fulfillment of our certain hope, which is the appearing at the End of Days of the S7i 'khinah (manifest glory) of God, and (at the ваше time) the appearing of our Deliverer, Yeshua the Messiah.

An alternative rendering: ".. .the appearing of the Sh 'khinah of the great God, which Sh 'khinah is our Deliverer, Yeshua the Messiah." Messianic Jews 1:3 gives support by saying of Yeshua, "This Son is the radiance of the Sh'khinah."

Many translators and commentators believe the sense is as in the Revised Standard Version: "...the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ." The verse then states clearly that Jesus is God. But I think that understanding forces a statement about Yeshua's divinity into a passage not concerned with it. Yeshua's divine nature is not compromised by rendering as I have done. As I have pointed out elsewhere, the New Testament usually uses more indirect language to express Yeshua's God-aspect. 


14. He gave himself up on our behalf in order to free us from all violation of Torah and purify for himself a people who would be his own, eager to do good.
He, Yeshua, gave himself up on our behalf (Mk 10:45; 2C 5:14-15; Ga 2:16,20-21), in order to free (or: "ransom") us (see Ep 1:7N) from all violation of Torah (or "from all iniquity," "from all lawlessness"). Without this fact, vv. 1-12 would be good ethical advice devoid of purpose and promise. Purify. Compare 1:15.

A people who would be his own, rendered "a peculiar people" in KJV; the same term (Hebrew 'am s'gulah) is applied to Israel at Deuteronomy 14:2, 26:18; see also Exodus 19:5, Psalm 135:4. See 2 Ke 2:9&N. 


15. These are the things you should say. Encourage and rebuke with full authority; don’t let anyone look down on you.
Titus, like Timothy (1 Ti 4:12), needed reassurance of his ability and authority, so that he would not be overcome by inferiority feelings that would keep him from doing the Lord's work properly. In contrast, because he had once felt superior and self-sufficient, Sha'ul. before he could be a proper worker, had to reach the point of being able to ask, "Who is equal to such a task?" and answering himself. "Our competence is from God" (2C 2:16,3:5). 

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